Chemical Reactions

Chemical Reactions Chemical Change †¢ reorganization †¢ original substances form new substances with different formulas †¢ may or may not involve a change of state †¢ symbols used to describe chemical reaction are known as a chemical equation †¢ Chemical equations do not have equal signs (=) they have an arrow Chemical Equations †¢ Must follow the Law of Conservation of Matter †¢ atoms can neither be created or destroyed during a chemical reaction †¢ What goes in must come out! Chemical Equations †¢ Reactants = Products same number of atoms of each element on each side of the reaction arrow Equations must be balanced! †¢ other symbols †¢ (s)solid †¢ (l)liquid †¢ (g)gas †¢ (aq)aqueous, dissolved inwater Balancing Chemical Equations †¢ First check all ionic formulas to see if they are correct! Five steps to balancing equations 1. Count the number of atoms of each element (or polyatomic ion) on the reactant side and then on the product side. You may want to use a chart or table. 2. Determine which are out of balance – these need to be balanced 3. Pick an element or polyatomic ion to start with†¦ †¢ Balance using coefficients. †¢ Do not use coefficients of 1 †¢ No changes may be made to the subscripts †¢ use least common multiples 5. Check and recheck! †¢ Practice balancing these equations †¢ H2(g) + O2(g) > H2O †¢ KCl + BaSO4 > K2SO4 + BaCl2 Types of Chemical Reactions †¢ Combination /Direct Combinationsynthesis †¢ 2Na(s) + Cl2(g) > 2 NaCl(s) Single Displacement †¢ single substitution †¢ anion always replaces anion †¢ cation always replaces cation Mg + 2 HCl > MgCl2 + H2 †¢ Complete the following Single Displacement (formula is correct) Al + CuSO4 Double Displacement †¢ 2 substitutions †¢ ion-exchange †¢ MgSO4 + BaCl2 >BaSO4 + MgCl2 †¢ Types of Chemical Reactions †¢ Double Displacement †¢ What are the expected products of MgSO4 + BaCl2 †¢ Types of Chemical Reactions †¢ KOH + MgCl ( †¢ check formulas and complete) Decomposition †¢ HgO > Hg + O2 (balance) †¢ 2 HgO > 2 Hg + O2 †¢ carbonic acid in lab activity Oxidation / Reduction †¢ oxidize iron into rust 4Fe + 3O2 ( 2Fe2O3 Oxidation reactions †¢ add O (or remove H) Reduction reactions †¢ add H ( or remove O) Redox reaction †¢ Combination of oxidation and reduction Practice †¢ How many grams of diatomic oxygen (O2) are needed to make 4 moles of magnesium oxide (MgO) from magnesium ribbon (Mg)? †¢ Hint balance equation and use coefficient as mole. Energy in a Chemical Reaction Endothermic †¢ heat in †¢ requires activation energy †¢ A + B + 100kcal => C + D Exothermic †¢ heat out †¢ A + B => C + D + 100 kcal

Matilda Analysis †Belonging Essay

Despite an individual’s desire to belong to a group or community, this is not always possible. More than anything else, belonging is about finding a sense of place in the world. Belonging Matilda has a sense of belonging when with her school peers/friends and when she is with Miss Honey. When at the school and with the children, she smiled, and loved the environment/setting. When with Miss Honey, Matilda smiled and laughed. She felt had a connection with Miss honey. She had a sense of belonging when at the forest and also at the library. She had inner peace and felt happy there reading books in the silence. Not belonging She did not belong in the family, even when the father first saw her. He just made a face and walked away. The family felt there was something wrong with her. The family hated books and television, while she loved reading books. The family uses her like a tool. â€Å"Who would be there to sign the packages†. Father forces her to stop reading and to watch TV. Cynically, the father says â€Å"you’re not going to be calling us for support payments†, rather than saying good bye. Her sense of exclusion is presented in the relationship between her parents and family. film techniques Techniques Example + effect Lighting + contrast In the scene, after Matilda is dragged away from her father after asking for a book, she walks to the staircase and is clouded by darkness, while the rest of the family is lighted up. This places emphasis on how Matilda is not made to feel welcome in the family. After the consequent emotional bullying by the family, she runs to her room. She is in the presence of the light, but outside of that circle, it is all dark. This emphasizes that she feels isolated and unhappy about this place. When Matilda is sitting in Ms Honeys lap, she is surrounded and in sunshine. This, in contrast to the darkness surrounding her at the beginning of the film emphasizes she found a place to belong. It brings justice to the reader, knowing that, she will have a good future. Music At the beginning, when matilda is standing at the stairs, ponding on her family’s first treatment of her, sad and somber music is used to set the atmosphere. This makes the audience feel for her. At the scene where Matilda is setting off to the library, Diagetic sounds of the city, her foot , the trucks along with the happy, exciting music is playing. The audience knows that matilda is going on a happy trip and will have a good time. At the ending of the film, after Matildas family signed the papers and left, optimistic and joyful music is played with the montage of matilda’s happy life. The audience knows that in the future Matilda will forever be happy. Dialogue â€Å"Matilda was left alone and that was how she liked it†. It has a hopeful tone. It gives the audience a sigh of relief that she would have some relief from the neglectful family. Emphasizes that she never belonged with those people at all. At some time within the orientation, Matilda’s father argues with her, saying, â€Å"Listen you little wise-ache! I’m smart you’re dumb! And I’m big and you’re little! I’m right you’re wrong! And there’s nothing you can do about it! † Emphasizes that the father does not care for her and reinforces her alienation. Her father treats her as though he does not have a single feeling for her, creating the idea that she does not belong. During when the family was watching television, Matilda’s father asks her, â€Å"Are you in this family†¦? Hello? I said are you in this family? † The dialogue causes the audience to feel sympathy towards Matilda and hatred towards her family, thus conveying that Matilda does not belong in the family and will not feel a sense of belonging unless she leaves the family. Camera shots At many scenes where the father is intimidating or arguing with Matilda. At the beginning of the film, when Matilda is reading books on the floor, her father walks in and a low mid shot is utilized with the father filling up most of the screen. This gives the effect that the father is treating her badly, thus makes the audience feel empathy for her. This conveys that Matilda does not belong in the family. At the scenes where Matilda is bonding with Miss honey, e. g. when they are walking at the garden, a medium eye level shot is utilized revealing their emotions. Matilda smiles with not a worry on her mind, emphasizing that she feels a sense of belonging and place when with Miss Honey.

Benefits of Foreign Direct Investment

Benefits of Foreign Direct Investment Do Host Countries Benefit From Foreign Direct Investment? Evidence From Developing Economies Executive Summary The multinational companies (MNCs) and associated foreign direct investment (FDI) play an important role in international economy. It is well-known that FDI activity can bring many significant effects to host countries. In this essay I estimate such effects from three different aspects: The first part I focus on the relation between FDI and host country wages. Previous studies show that it is a universal phenomenon that the wages in foreign companies are higher than domestic companies. The FDI activity has a positive effect to the overall wage levels of the host countries, although wages spillovers to domestic companies are not always exist. The second part I focus on the relation between FDI and host country productivity. Foreign companies have higher productivity than domestic companies; it can be supported by most of the available studies no matter what measures have bee n used. Although some findings reflected that local firms in developing countries can benefit from FDI by productivity spillovers, in more cases, the productivity spillovers are not significant, even negative. The third part I focus on the relation between FDI and host country’s economic Growth. The result shows that developing countries can benefit from FDI and achieve economic growth. Overall, the host countries, especially the developing countries, can benefit from foreign direct investment. 1. Introduction The worldwide spread of multinational companies (MNCs) and associated foreign direct investment (FDI) play an important role in reconstructing economy pattern of the world. It is well-known that FDI activity can bring many significant effects to host countries’ development. In this essay I will estimate such effects from three different aspects- the effect in wages, the effect in productivity and the effect in economic growth- by reviewing numerous relative studi es and try to find out whether host countries, especially the developing countries, can get benefits from foreign direct investment. 2. FDI And Host Country Wages In this section, I will explain to what extend does FDI influence host countries’ wages level. Whether local firms could benefit from the entrance or existence of foreign companies will be analyzed based on the previous studies. Firstly, let us take a look at the difference between foreign companies and domestic companies in regard to wages level. Almost all the available studies proved that foreign companies did pay higher wages in developing countries. Haddad and Harrison (1993) made a research on different companies’ performance in Morocco. They found that in unweighted means, foreign firms paid about 70% higher wages than domestic firms. According to weighted means, the foreign companies still paid higher real wages than domestic companies (PP.58-59). Higher wages paying by MNCs was also supported by some studies of other developing countries, such as Indonesia (Hill, 1990, Manning 1998, Lipsey and Sjà ¶holm, 2001). Lipsey and Sjà ¶holm (2001) reported that when taken the educational level into account, blue-collar workers can get 25% higher wages and white-collar workers can get 50% higher wages in foreign companies. In the conclusion part of this paper, the author stated â€Å"those higher wages for workers of a given educational level do not reflect only the greater size and larger inputs per worker in foreign plants, or their industry or location† (p.13). If considered all these factors, the foreign companies paid 12% and 20% more wages than domestic companies for blue-collar workers and white-collar workers respectively. Another evidence is taken by Ramstetter (1999), he did an research in five East Asian economies (Hong Kong, Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Taiwan) and made a report that wages in foreign plants were higher than domestic firms over 14-23 years, but the differences were not so significant in Singapore and Taiwan.

Identifying the elements of interpersonal communication Essay

Identifying the elements of interpersonal communication - Essay Example On the contrary, a child who grows up in a poor environment can be timid, defensive and therefore inhibited in his actions. In some cultures, a person is respected by the way he speaks as in the case of Asian people. They have words that indicate politeness and courtesy which is important when talking to elderly people. Filipinos use â€Å"po† and â€Å"opo† to indicate that they are talking to someone with a higher position or someone older than them. Not observing such practice could be translated as being rude. The westerns setting does not have such words but â€Å"please†, â€Å"excuse me† and â€Å"I’m sorry† indicates good manners. As for the second statement, people who communicate more often can also be rude and tactless, quality of communication matters since people love to hear from sensible people. This is primarily why Oprah’s talk show and Dr. Phil is successful, they make people feel good and give hope. They also bring a wealth of ideas , advice and opinion to all the listeners which makes them interesting. There are also some sarcastic images in media such as â€Å" Dr House† which makes him earn the ire of people around him. NO matter how truthful and valid his advice maybe, people still value on how one expresses a certain viewpoint. Tone of voice is important since the receiver of the message may decode the meaning of the message differently. Another important thing about personal communication is that it depends upon the circumstance or situation; therefore, one must be sensitive about the context of a conversation or even an argument. This is also important especially when communica ting with people from different cultures. More often than not, conflicts in the workplace happen because of difference in cultural background. Since language is a necessity in interpersonal communication, certain meanings are attached to words or symbols of a certain language that can be a source of

Ga Kpanlogo and Ewe.Traditional West African dance and music Research Paper

Ga Kpanlogo and Ewe.Traditional West African dance and music techniques - Research Paper Example Comparison of Ga Kpanlogo and Ewe Drumming culture Ga Kpanlogo and Ewe are more or less Ghanaian cultures and they are West African in nature. Ga Kpanlogo has its origin in the capital city of Ghana, Accra, given this is the traditional home of the Ga people whose culture is manifested here (Lewis 2002, p.5). This type of dance can be termed as the urban youth dance and drumming. In addition, it is mainly a symbol of commitment among the rapidly growing youth in the capital of Ghana. This is due to the advocacy nature of the culture while trying to shape the political vision of the post-colonial Africa (Music 2001, p.10). Ewe music and drumming, on the other hand, are a combination of musical and drumming activities of the Ewe people of Ghana, Togo and Benin. This community throughout West Africa is known for drumming and their mode is in the form of a sophistication of cross rhythms and polyrhythm borrowing some of their similarities from jazz and Afro-Caribbean music. This form of drumming embraces diversity and therefore, the drums and music are played in so many different ways depending on where the group playing it originates. The Ewe drumming culture is composed of several drums, a bell and a rattle, and this will be different from Ga Kpanlogo, which is generally composed of drums. Each group of complete Ewe drumming is composed of a master drum together with other secondary drums and an iron bell (Lewis 2002, p.8). The Ewe people do not only have a complex drumming culture but also a complex way of their living. One of their beliefs is that if one person is good at drumming and dancing, then i t is because they inherited it from an ancestor who was good at it. It is important to realize that for both the Ga Kpanlogo and the Ewe music systems, they exhibit 16 voices in their voice notations in terms of their female and male voices. It is notable that the music and drumming cultures of the two societies have some aspects in common. The two forms of drumming and music relate to the belief systems of their respective societies. For example, in the Ewe people music helps them reconnect with their ancestors as they feel the power of life. The aspect of ancestors is quite fundamental to the people of Ewe as they possess the ability to define an individual’s destiny, hence they must be pleased through music (Music 2001, p.13). Secondly, both the group music and drumming culture are aesthetic. For example, the Ewe considers powerful music as good music. This is as the force of drumming helps people remember their past victories as very important concepts. The drumming and m usic of the two communities are a significant symbol of their history as well. In the past for example, drumming helped the Ewe people achieve their freedom from their captors through the blessings from their ancestors (Burns 2006, p.24-6). According to this culture, music is a destiny manifested as a gift from the ancestors. For the two communities, music is used for and during special functions such as during war, at funerals and for rituals for the ancestors in the society. After such functions are over, other genres are put in place for continuity (Rentink 2002, p.31-8). Ga Kpanlogo, as played by the Ga ethnic group most of whom live in Accra, existed in the recreational dance and music. It has since spread as bushfire throughout the country, which began just as a mere creative dance (Agawu 1987, p.9). As opposed to the Ewe dance and music, which were influenced by Afro-Caribbean music and jazz, this form of

FASB Codification System Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

FASB Codification System - Essay Example professionals along with investors and analysts a professional view where many state of the art utilities offers wide feature, search facility and navigating contents. It gives information on the accounting standards, cross referencing and navigating. Also there is printer friendly source utility for viewing source references. So basically it allows the professionals to keep update on accounting standards, information, and location of member, conduct research and locate professional around the network. 3. The nine contents areas located in the FASB codification system are General principles, presentations, assets, liabilities, equity, revenue, expenses, broad transactions and industry. Thus the codification system is an organized structure with comprehensive topics. These subdivided nine topics have sections and paragraphs. 4. The nine contents have types of items and general principles detail on all the accounting principles and laws to simplify users access. The presentation offers guidance on the preparation of income and financial statement purpose and calculating earnings per share. The asset content has information on investments, accounting receivables and inventory. Liability section has assets retirement and environment obligations, contingencies, distinguishing liabilities from equity and accounting principles. The equity section explains status, recognition and SEC material required to record equity based payment to non – employees. The revenue area informs accounting professional about revenue recognition and accounting standard updates. Expenses guides on procedures to report stock compensation, compensation research and development with regard to preparing income taxes. The broad transaction gives information on business combination, consolidation, fair value measurement and disclo sure, leases and financial instruments. Finally, the industry section gives user in regard to industries including oil and gas, dealers, brokers and

Employer Policies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Employer Policies - Essay Example Based on ethical basis, an employer should provide retirement plans for the employees. An example is the 401 (k) plan or the IRA plan that is most suitable for small businesses (Steingold, 2015, p. 118). An employer, however, should not promise an employee a specific income level after retirement. Instead, an employee earns his or her contribution to the plan. Based on good managerial skills, an employer should consider all the administrative requirements. That complies with the ERISA that requires employers to have plan administrators. Participating employees must have a copy of the summary plan description, summary annual report and survivor coverage data. An employer must not fail to file Form 5500 with the IRS, annually (Steingold, 2015, p. 122). A key employer policy in the field of technology management is the Affordable Health Care Act. The Act has diverse legal, ethical and managerial dimensions. It is beneficial to women through because it provides insurance options for women covering preventive services at affordable costs. It is suitable for young adults through its coverage provided to them up to when they are 26 years of age. There are several benefits from the various annual wellness visits provided under the Act. In addition, there are preventive services offered for seniors who have Medicare. Front-line supervisor or manager benefits from provisions of the Act that places accountability to insurance companies for any increase in premium by

Argument essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 6

Argument - Essay Example Those who drive a race-type car must be jealous at least part of the time of someone who drives a gas saving car with decent, if not flashy looks. Getting good gas mileage is the main reason someone buys a Volt or Prius Hatchback but which one gets better mileage is not a straightforward answer. The EPA rates the Volt’s lithium-ion battery at a 38 mile range. After the battery dies an electric engine turns on which recharges the battery by powering a generator. The car gets 37 mpg with the engine running. The Prius gets 50 mpg with but only has about a one mile range when operating on straight electricity. The Prius plug-in model gets a disappointing six-to-15 mile electric range. The bottom line on gas mileage is the Volt does better if you drive 40 miles per day or less. If you drive 100 or more the Prius is the more economical choice. Unlike a Prius, a Volt can be driven for weeks at a time without putting any gas in it, as long as you drive 40 miles per day or less which many people do. The car will ask the driver if it can turn the engine on every once in a while so the fluids will circulate preventing damage to the engine due to lack of use. Anyone engine needs to be started occasionally to keep the fluids from becoming stale. Volt owners that drive less than 40 miles per day can get the equivalent of 400 miles per gallon. Both cars did well in the crash tests. The Volt is quieter. Mashing the accelerator on a Prius will turn on the engine but not the Volt; it stays silent until the whisper-quiet engine kick in. The Volt is slightly larger on the outside but the Prius has more room inside. The Volt carries four people while the Prius holds five. Both are moderately priced but the Prius is a little less expensive, with an asterisk. The Volt runs from $40,000 to $45,000 fully equipped but most buyers are eligible for a $7,500 rebate from the federal government. The Prius Plug-in Hybrid retails for $32,000 and

Analytical Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Analytical Report - Essay Example After an extensive and intensive research, it became evident that, the hotel can either opt for in house training or out house training that will involve sending delegates away for training. This report presents the benefits of in house training, the cost implications for the hotel as well as its effects on the employees under training. On the other hand, the report compares in-house training with out-house training using similar criteria. After the analysis, and comparison, the report offers the preferred alternative that the hotel can adopt. After a close analysis of the current situation of the employees, and in accordance with the hotel’s current determination to become a leader in the hospitality industry, it becomes evident that the staff needs empowerment. Without doubt, the employees need to acquire new skills that will serve to enable them to register remarkable performance as they deliver their services to the hotel’s customers. According reliable research in the hotel management, the loyalty of customers depends on the quality of services provided by the staff. Being a service provider business, responsiveness, promptness and courtesy are some of the critical attributes that customers use in their rating of the quality of services rendered by the hotels. Therefore, employees need regular training so that they may have the capacity to meet the expectations of the customers. This is the reason why the hotel has identified the need to offer additional training to the hotel staff. However, there are two alternatives that the hotel must choose from in its bid to offer additional training to their staff. One of the options that the hotel has to choose from is offering in-house training within the hotel premises. The other alternative involves organizing an out-house training at a venue away from the hotel. Both options have

Computerize Enrollment Essay Example for Free

Computerize Enrollment Essay This Chapter presents the proposed study all about. It also shows the problem that the proponents encountered during the research of the proposed study. Show the difference of the proposed system to the existing system. Introduction Most of educational institutional establishment today specially on those schools with specialization in teaching in the line of technologies are using computerized systems. It can help establishments or businesses to give more quality service to their customers. This can result in a system with well-integrated processes that can perform much faster and more accurate than a manual system. Enrollment is the process of inputting and verifying data of student to register on a particular school. The Enrollment System is used so the school will have a record of information of a student, tracking or retrieving of their information will be possible. The verifying of payments and browsing of student bills is also the used of an enrollment system. Enrollment System is an example of computer generated process. This will lessen the workload and provides accurate information needed of the school. As the result this will not only benefit the students but also the employees of a certain establishment. The Enrollment System is very essential for a school. In the case of AMA COMPUTER COLLEGE FAIRVIEW CAMPUS, they are using a manual system composed of a pen and an application form. The student or an applicant definitely having some erasures, and an illegibly hand writing that makes the information inaccurate. Verifying of the inaccurate information will lead to some errors in the process of the enrollment. Above our observation, human interventions will highly involve in this type of system. As a result, this may involve errors and redundancy of data resulting troubles in organization. Background of the Study The AMA COMPUTER COLLEGE FAIRVIEW CAMPUS is an educational institution specialize in the line of technologies, giving quality education since 1990 they make their make name by the student who make the â€Å"I love you Virus† since then AMA has standards of giving the a best education in the line of Information Technology. The AMA COMPUTER COLLEGE FAIRVIEW CAMPUS has a population estimated of 400+ students from different courses and year level that currently studying this semester. AMA COMPUTER COLLEGE FAIRVIEW CAMPUS are using an acquaint system applicants or students constantly having a hard time filling up application forms and take a lot of time in the enrollment process. With the large population of students employees had to do a lot work. Statement of the Problem The proponents aimed to develop and sought to answer the following specific problems 1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of: 1.1 Name; 1.2 Age; 1.3 Gender; 1.4 Year Level; 1.5 Course; 2. What is the problems encountered in the existing system? 3. What is the possible solutions to avoid the problems in the existing system? 4. What is the difference of the existing system between the proposed system. 4.1; Accuracy 4.2; Convenience 4.3; Usefulness 4.4; Speed 4.5; User-friendly Hypothesis The proponents to have an analysis if there is a significance difference between the existing system and the proposed system in terms of accuracy, convenience, usefulness, speed, and user-friendly interface. Significance of the Study The study declare that the proposed system can be a great help to the following: Students. The proposed system can help the students to have a less time, effort on the enrollment process. Employees/Professor. The proposed system can help the employees less the work load and save a lot of time that were needed in the enrollment process Reputation Significance. The proposed system will improve the reputation of the school by leveling the kind of system to other universities. Scope and Delimitation of the Study The Study focuses on how the students and employees have a benefit of saving a lot of time, giving a less effort, reducing of human errors, accuracy and speed of deriving information. The Study is limited service when it come to online access of the users, compared to the Online Enrollment System of the University of Santo Thomas that users can access online. Definition of Terms To Understand the different terminologies that were used in the proposed study, the proponents had provided the following terminologies. Enrollment. is the process of entering and verifying data of student to register on a particular school. Computerized System. A process or operation integrated by using a computer or other devices. Online System. A process or operation that powered by the world wide web and accessible to any users that has an internet connection.

Education of Philosophies Essay Example for Free

Education of Philosophies Essay After reading through the different philosophies of education, I have come to the conclusion that I can relate to the student centered philosophy the most for several different reasons. As stated in the chapter, education is not a competition. I don’t agree with having students take multiple choice tests to see who gets the highest amount of right answers. Many students suffer from test anxiety and giving them one chance to prove they are educated on the subject isn’t fair. I am a firm believer that students don’t gain knowledge from textbooks, they gain knowledge by being out in the real world. To me, experiencing things first hand is the strongest way to learn about a subject matter. This leads me to the progressivism philosophy of education. I am all for experimental learning, having students have the chance to learn by doing. Another method of this is called the scientific method. This happens by expecting students to pursue their answers through problem solving and critical thinking, and are rarely expected to find their answers in a textbook. Another method I agree with is social reconstruction. Democracy in a classroom encourages teachers to guide an important dialogue among the children, but to avoid telling students how to think or what to believe. Social purpose gives students an opportunity to instill habits or values that are useful to the greater community. I believe students should be encouraged to think about local, national, and international issues in the real world. More importantly, I believe existentialism is the most crucial student centered philosophy in education. Giving students the ability to develop their own creativity and different ways of self-expression is something that should be focused on in every school. Students should be allowed freedom to go at their own pace and should be inspired by the things shared among peers  in the classroom. Students are expected to be in control of their own lives at school while playing an active role in functioning community, students should leave the school with the important ability to think critically.

Looking At The Social Welfare Legislation Social Work Essay

Looking At The Social Welfare Legislation Social Work Essay Social workers, as a profession, exist in a contested domain, within a framework of rights and duties that are defined by law, by employers and professional codes of conduct (Swaine and Rice, 2009: xi). To be effective a social worker must have an understanding of statutory and legal requirements, and while using the law attempt to balance conflicting principles and practices. It is important to note that the law does not tell us what we ought to do, just what we can do most decisions in social work involve a complex interaction of ethical, political, technical and legal issues which are all interconnected (Banks 1995). In answering this question I intend to focus on the Children Acts 1989 and 2004 detailing the background to the acts and applying them to the Smith case study. The courts in England are managed by Her Majestys Courts Service, an executive agency of the Ministry of Justice (Brammer 2010). The courts are divided into criminal and civil courts. Criminal courts deal with criminal cases and civil courts deal with non-criminal disputes. The role that  social workers play in courts can be broken down into public law and private law. Public law cases are circumstances where the state, acting through local authority social services, takes steps to intervene in family life. This includes applications for care orders, supervision orders and emergency protection orders. Proceedings where individuals bring cases in their own name are known as private law cases. Contact and residence cases, applications for specific issues orders, prohibited steps orders; parental responsibility and adoption are examples of private law cases. The English court structure is hierarchical with the Supreme Court at the top and the Magistrates Court and Tribunals at the bot tom. This means that cases are seen in the inferior courts first before proceeding, when necessary, to the superior courts. A decision made in the Supreme Court would bind all inferior courts. Social workers can be involved at all levels of the court structure and undertake tasks such as writing reports, appearing as witnesses, or providing support to a service user. As such it is essential for social workers to have a good understanding of the law as it applies to their role. Most court proceedings are held in public in accordance with Article 6 of the Human Rights Act 1998, everyone is entitled to a fair and public hearing. However, in certain circumstances the public and press are excluded and cases are heard privately or in camera (Brammer 2010:65). For social work practice the Human Rights Act 1998 provides an opportunity to empower service users and professionals while promoting best practice, as well as an extra layer of responsibility (Cull and Roche 2001:80). Local authorities can no longer use budgetary constraints as justification for decisions as discretionary policies and decisions can be challenged on the basis of an alleged breach of human rights. (Cull and Roche, 2001). The Human rights Act 1998 incorporates the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms into UK domestic law (Brammer 2010). The European Convention for Human Rights contains rights, prohibitions and freedoms arranged in articles. The focus of the Human Rights Act 1998 is to promote and uphold rights contained in these articles and it provides opportunities to promote anti-discriminatory practice. Social workers legal areas of responsibility are classified as duties or powers. Social services are obliged to carry out a duty. There is no discretion or allowance and failure to carry out a duty could found an action for judicial review (Brammer 2010:17). For example, under section 47 of the Children Act 1989 local authorities have a duty to investigate if they have have reasonable cause to suspect that a child who lives, or is found, in their area is suffering, or is likely to suffer, significant harm (Children Act 1989, Section 47(b)). Powers give a social worker the authority to act in a particular way but there is discretion to decide how to act. For example, a local authority has power to make payments to parents in respect of travelling, subsistence or other expenses incurred by that person in visiting the child (Para. 16 of Sch. 2 to the Childrens Act 1989). Specific pieces of legislation are more relevant to social workers in their specific roles. The Children Acts 1989 and 2004 are of particular relevance to those working with children and families. Prior to the implementation of the Children Act 1989 the law as it related to children was found in various acts and judicial hearings. The Children Act 1989 combined and simplified existing legislation in order to create an enlightened and practical framework for decision-making, whether the decision is taken in the family home, in a local authority office, in a health centre or in a court room (Allen, 1998, quoted in Cull 2001). Various forces led to the implementation of the Children Act 1989. Firstly, the need to address numerous child abuse and child death scandals such as Maria Colwell and Jasmine Beckford. Central themes that emerged from inquiries into the deaths of these children were the need for better cohesion between agencies to better protect children and consideration of the childs welfare as paramount (OLoughlin and OLoughlin 2008). Such themes subsequently emerged in the Laming Inquiry (2003) following the death of Victoria Climbie, and other subsequent inquiries. These continual failures seem to indicate that the Children Act 1989 does not seem to be fulfilling its purpose. Secondly, international commitments made to the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child 1989 meant the need to provide legislation highlighting the importance of childrens rights. The Children Act 1989 recognised the right of children to have their voices heard in the decision-making process and made provisions for childrens guardians to be appointed by the Children and Family Court Advisory and Support Service (CAFCASS) representing the child and the childs interests in court (Children Act 1989, s.41). Under section 44(7) of the act children of sufficient age and understanding were enabled to refuse to undergo medical assessment, something that the children involved in the Cleveland Inquiry (1988) had not been able to do (OLoughlin and OLoughlin 2008). The Act gave flexibility to the court to meet individual childrens needs in particular circumstances and to act in the best interests of that child (Brammer, 2010). The Children Act 1989 brought together public and private law to ensure that the welfare of the child is paramount (OLoughlin and OLoughlin, 2008:21) and reaffirmed the belief that children were best brought up within their families, with minimal intervention from the state (Brayne and Carr, 2008). In response to the Laming Report (2003) into the death of Victoria Climbià © the government published the Green Paper, Every Child Matters. This document had four key themes; more focus on supporting families and carers, timely intervention and protecting children from falling through the net; addressing issues of poor accountability and ensuring that childcare workers are valued, rewarded and trained (Brayne and Carr, 2008). The Children Act 2004 was passed following consultation on this Green Paper. It provides the legislative framework required to address the issues highlighted in the Laming report. Its main aim was to develop more effective and accessible services focused around the needs of children, young people and their families (Brayne and Carr, 2008 p.155). The main provisions of the Children Act 2004 include a duty to co-operate to improve the wellbeing of children, especially in light of failings by multiple agencies to protect children like Victoria Climbià ©. Under th e Act local authorities have a duty to make arrangements to improve wellbeing and partner agencies have a duty to co-operate with local authorities. To enhance the duty of agencies to co-operate Section 8 of the Children Act 2004 imposes the duty to safeguard and promote the welfare of children. Agencies are encouraged to prioritise their responsibilities to children and share early concerns in order to prevent crises. Legislation in the 2004 Act requires that all agencies in contact with children recognize that their needs are different from those of adults and safeguard and promote their wellbeing in the course of their normal duties. Section 17 of the Children Act 2004 introduced the requirement for local authorities to produce Children and Young peoples Plans (CYPP). The CYPP should be the single, strategic, overarching plan for all services and all relevant partners (Brayne and Carr, 2008 p.160). The 1989 Act focused on child protection, the key term in the 2004 Act is safeguar ding. Child protection is linked to legally based state intervention, safeguarding is a means of ensuring that children receive the support that they need for their wellbeing (Brayne and Carr, 2008 p.161). The Children Act 2004 required the establishment of Local Safeguarding Childrens Boards in order to promote better collaboration between agencies in safeguarding the wellbeing of children; the creation of an information database known as Contact Point to facilitate contact between professionals involved with individual children to secure early, coherent intervention (Brayne and Carr, 2008 p. 163); and the appointment of childrens services directors in childrens services authorities to ensure political leadership and accountability for the performance of childrens services (Brayne and Carr, 2008 p. 164).The Childrens Act of 1989 and 2004 have both gradually endeavoured to develop legislation and administrative roles to do with children in a broader sense and to make official provision for children better and safer. With the Children Act 2004 the functions of social services did not change but how they are delivered has been modified. (OLoughlin and OLoughlin, 2008) The Children Act 1989 outlines the responsibilities that local authorities have towards children in their area. Practice is guided by three underlying principles. Firstly, enforced intrusion into family life should be avoided wherever possible. Secondly, local authorities should work in partnership with parents and provide support to try to keep families together. Lastly, local authority resources should be targeted on families in need to ensure support is available to avoid children suffering ill-treatment or neglect and in extreme circumstances being taken into care (Cull 2001). With the Smith family the starting point under the Children Acts 1989 and 2004 must be to help safeguard and promote the welfare of Andrew and Annie. Under section 47 of the Children Act 1989 if the local authority have reasonable cause to suspect that a child who lives or is found in their area is suffering, or likely to suffer, significant harm, they must take such enquiries as they consider necessary to enable them to decide whether they should take any action to safeguard or promote the childs welfare (Children Act 1989, s.47 (1) (b)). Enquiries made are the beginning of a process and the intention is to decide whether or not action is necessary. Effectiveness of the assessment of the childs needs (and those of the family) is key to the effectiveness of subsequent actions and services and ultimately to the outcomes for the child (Department of Health et al., 2000b). A social worker carrying out this assessment must do so in a manner that causes the least distress to Annie and Andrew, while being respectful to Clare and David. Families affected by parental learning disability are also particularly likely to experience negative attitudes, and worse, from those with whom they come into contact (Department of Health 2007).Practicing in an anti-discriminatory manner would require not making assumptions about David and Clares parenting due to their learning disability. In order to work in partnership with the parents as the Children Act requires the social worker must ensure that the parents do not feel marginalised by explaining the purpose of the investigation and the likely outcomes. How the investigation is handled could affect the relationship between the family and social services and the way the family view input from professionals and other agencies that may become involved. The Children Act 1989 introduced the terms children in need and looked after children and comprised various duties to promote the welfare of such children (Brammer, 2010). The Act even went further by putting in place provisions for children leaving care (Brammer, 2010). Looked after children refers to children who are subject to care orders and those who are voluntarily accommodated by the local authority. Children are considered to be in need if they are unlikely to achieve or maintain a reasonable standard of health or development without intervention by the local authority; health or development is likely to be impaired or further impaired without local authority support; they are disabled (s. 17 (10) Children Act 1989). Local authorities have specific duties to children considered to be in need. As both David and Clare are known to professionals it is possible that the children have already been classified as in need. In this case the local authority has a duty to safeguard and promote the welfare of such children, provide services appropriate to their needs and ascertain and give consideration to the wishes of the child/ren (Children Act 1989, s.17, as amended). Following a section 47 investigation if it is deemed necessary the local authority would also have the power to provide training, advice, guidance and counselling for David and Clare (Cull 2001). David and Clare have co-operated so far and if this remains to be the case the local authority will carry out its duties in partnership with David and Clare, until no further formal intervention is required. It is particularly important to avoid a situation where poor parental care, which does not meet the threshold of significant harm to a child, later declines because of a lack of support. Failure to provide support in this type of situation can damage a childs right to remain with their family (Department of Health, 2007). If the Smith case was considered an emergency it would be possible to apply to court for an Emergency Protection Order (EPO), this would allow for immediate compulsory intervention in order to protect the child/ren (s. 44, Children Act 1989). Those with parental responsibility must be given a minimum of one days notice of impending action; however, action can be taken without notice. If the parents are not present at the initial application for the EPO they have the right to challenge the basis of the intervention after 72 hours. The order lasts a maximum of eight days, but can be extended for a further seven days following application. The applicant has parental responsibility of the child for the duration of the order. This is very much a control aspect of the act as the parents rights are removed in order to safeguard the child. The child must be returned as soon as it is safe to do so. (s. 44(10) Children Act 1989). The need for an EPO can arise when the referral is received or a t any point in the involvement with children and families. Such an order seems to contradict Article 8 of the Human Rights Act 1998(Right to private family life). Although important it may prove difficult to balance David and Clares right to private and family life while protecting the childrens right not to be subjected to inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment (Article 3, Human Rights Act 1998). If the out of hours social worker had initially failed to gain access to the children to initiate an investigation but concerns were not urgent the local authority could apply to court for a Child Assessment Order (CAO) (Children Act 1989, s. 43). The order would supplement to powers of the social worker in assessing the child. A court can only grant a CAO if there is reasonable cause to suspect the child is suffering or is likely to suffer significant harm and that assessment is required to ascertain if this is the case; without the order it is unlikely that assessment can be carried out. A CAO may give direction on how an order is to be carried out, for example, directing that children be kept away from home, or giving direction for a medical assessment to be carried out. With this particular order parental responsibility remains with the parents. Only a local authority or the National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children can apply for a CAO. In some circumstances it may be necessary to separate the child from an alleged abuser. As it may be considered too distressing and confusing to remove the child from the home the Family Law Act 1996 amended the Children Act 1989, giving the court power to order the removal of an alleged abuser from the home. In order for Exclusion Orders (EO) to be made the court must be satisfied that there is reasonable cause to believe that if the person is removed the child will no longer suffer or be likely to suffer significant harm. The court must be satisfied that there is someone else willing and capable of caring for the child and that they consent to the exclusion requirement. Four principles generally apply to all orders under the Children Act 1989: paramountcy of the welfare of the child (s1 (1)); reducing delay (S1 (2)) to avoid prejudicing the welfare of the child (in this respect many of the orders that could be granted by the court had specific time limits); no order unless consider ed in the best interests of the child (s1 (5)) and limiting litigation (s91 (14)) (Open University, 2003). The Children Act 1989 provides a welfare checklist s.1 (3) detailing what factors a court has to consider in certain proceedings relating to children. This list includes issues such as the childs wishes/needs, sex, background, etc. Although the law is attempting to impose control when applying an order it also attempts to provide some balance and promote anti-discriminatory practice with children and families. The relationship between social work practice and the law is an extremely complex and ever-changing one. The law is constantly developing especially with the influence of the Human Rights Act 1998 becoming more visible in court decisions. As a result social workers must have an understanding of how the law applies to practice situations recognising the strengths as well as the limitations of applying the law. Sound knowledge of the law is not only essential to ensure that the actions undertaken are legal and proportionate, such knowledge is essential for the social workers own professional protection (Brammer 2010: Foreword by Andrew McFarlane).

Achieving Democracy and Equality Essay -- A Social Power Analysis of D

This paper shows why both democracy and equality are desirable, and why democracy, in its true sense, is an important step to achieve greater equality. There are many reasons why political philosophers need to look beyond the one person, one vote conception of democracy to understand why such theories have allowed social and economic inequality to continue to exist. While many democracies do not live up to our expectations in regards to providing equality, there are explanations for this and methods of overcoming such problems. Is equality desirable? The first thing to consider is whether equality is desirable, and if so, what kinds of equality are desirable. For example, should young children have equal voting rights? The consensus around this issue in most democracies is that there is an age where children should not be able to vote (even if there is disagreement on exactly what the age should be). However, it does not follow that it is permissible for children to be discriminated against by the law because they are unable to vote. To determine whether equality is, in the first instance, desirable we must consider what is meant by the term ‘equality.’ Equality is often considered to be important exclusively within a designated demos. This is important because it facilitates an ongoing conversation and reflection on individual preferences. The laws created by the demos are seen as binding upon them. This is partially where our obligation to follow the laws of the government arises – because we voted them in and are bound by the social contract. Of course, there will always be questions as to the legitimacy of laws and what obliges the disenfranchised minority to follow the laws of the majority. However, when there has been... ...om.au/business/a-snip-at-22m-to-get-rid-of-pm-20110201-1acgj.html. Green, P. (1985). Retrieving democracy : in search of civic equality. Totowa, N.J., Rowman & Allanheld. Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (2011). "Jeremy Bentham." Retrieved November 3, 2011, from http://www.iep.utm.edu/bentham/. Megalogenis, G. (2010). "Trivial Pursuit: Leadership and the End of the Reform Era." Quarterly Essay(40): 1-83. 40. Retrieved 2010 from http://search.informit.com.au/documentSummary;dn=586827778419771;res=IELHSS. Myers, J. C. (2010). The politics of equality : an introduction. London; New York; New York, Zed Books ; Distributed in the USA exclusively by Palgrave Macmillan. Singer, P. (1973). Democracy and disobedience. Oxford, Clarendon Press. Verba, S. and N. H. Nie (1972). Participation in America: political democracy and social equality. New York, Harper & Row.

Economic Policy Essay -- essays research papers fc

Economic Policy The new economic policy of the united states should include cutting taxes, reducing governmental waste, and balance the budget by having a smaller more efficient federal government. It should include equal opportunity for financial security but not through a government sponsored redistribution of wealth program. Cutting taxes across the board including income tax rates, capital gains and estate taxes among others should provide a growth spurt for the economy. Allowing people and businesses to keep more of their hard earned money would enable them to spend more money. People would be able to buy more cars, refrigerators, homes etc. The businesses would be able to build new factories with better more efficient high tech equipment. These new factories and expanded businesses would employee more highly paid workers which would expand the tax base and allow us to be more competitive in the world marketplace. Reducing the taxes would also motivate people to work harder and save more. The way things are now people can not seem to get ahead no matter how hard they work. The harder they work the more the government takes while others who choose not to work hard or have not developed the skills to earn a decent wage reap the same and in many cases more benefits. For example student loans and grants for college board and tuition fees are largely unavailable to lower middle class families let alone middle and upper middle class people. Reducing taxes on businesses would also allow them to invert more on new product development and research which in many instances the federal government now subsidizes which requires management. This government management bureaucracy cost tax payers money and is unnecessary because free market demands and the extra money they would save from tax cuts would motivate businesses to fund these programs themselves. This is just an example of what a smaller more efficient federal government. "Citizens in the united states today pay 38.2 percent of there income in taxes every year" (RNC Talking Points). This is way to much money for Americans to be paying. "Cutting everyone's taxes by 15 percent and giving them a 500 dollar per child tax credit would cut a typical families tax bill in half, a... ...Review and Outlook Dole and Taxes." The Wall Street Journal 29 July 1996: A12 Sepp, Peter J. "Are Republicans Serious About Cutting Fat?" New York Times 30 Aug. 1995: A17 "Dole Hopes Tax-Cut Move Will Energize His Campaign, but Which taxes to Cut?" The Wall Street Journal 15 may 1996: A16 "A Vote for a Sensible Center." Business Week 18 Nov. 1996: 194 "The National Debt. It's Eating Us Alive!" Internet http://www.europa.com/~blugene/deficit/debt.html "The Balance Sheet -- August 11, 1995." Internet http://www.rnc.ogr/news/balance/bal-950815.html "RNC Talking Points Cutting Taxes and Balancing the Budget Bill Clinton's Dirty Little Secret: A $64 Billion Tax Increase" Internet http://www.rnc.org/news/talking/tp-960913.html

Napoleon Bonaparte :: History

Napoleon Bonaparte Napoleon Bonaparte, who is also known as the "little Corsican", was born on August 15,1769 in Ajaccio, Corsica. His family had moved there from Italy in the 16th century. His original name was Napoleone. He had 7 brothers and sisters. His original nationality was Corsican-Italian. He also despised the French. He thought they were oppressors of his native land. His father was a lawyer, and was also anti-French. One reason Napoleon may have been such a great leader and revolutionary because was he was raised in a family of radicals. When Napoleon was nine, his father sent him to Brienne, a French military government school in Paris. While there he was constantly teased by the French students. Because of this Napoleon started having dreams of personal glory and triumph. From 1784 to 1785 Napoleon attended the Ecole Militaire in Paris. It was there that he received his military training. He studied to be an artillery man and an officer. He finished his training and he joined the French army when he was just 16 years old. His father died after that and he had to provide for his entire family. Napoleon was stationed in Paris in 1792. After the French monarchy was overthrown in August of that year, Napoleon started to make a name for himself and become a well known military leader. In 1792 Napoleon was promoted to captain. In 1793 he was chosen to direct the artillery against the siege in Toulon. Soon after that Toulon fell and Napoleon was promoted to brigadier general. Napoleon was made commander of the French army in Italy. He defeated many Austrian Generals. Soon after this Austria and France made peace. Afterwards Napoleon was relieved of his command. He had been suspected of treason. In 1795 he broke up a revolt and saved the French government. He had earned back respect and he was once again give command of the French Army in Italy. He came up with a plan that worked very well. He would cut the enemy's army in to two parts, then attack one side of them before the other side could help them. This worked very well against the Sardinian troops, he defeated them 5 times in 11 days. After this Napoleon was almost impossible to stop. This was when he began conquering most of Europe. The first country he defeated was Austria. He collected lots of money and sent it back to Paris, this helped the weak economy of France.

Philly Fans: City of Brotherly Love Essay

â€Å"A true Philadelphia fan learns to boo before he learns to speak.† A quote that is not as exaggerated as it seems. In Philadelphia people are outspoken and live by the way they cheer, brutal. Philadelphia â€Å"fanatics† are the most rowdy fans in all of sports. This is proven by events such as throwing snowballs at Santa Claus, booing Michael Irving after a career ending injury, and the installment of a court inside the Eagles late Veterans Stadium. One example as to why people across the nation believe Philly fans to be the worst fans in sports is the legendary pelting of jolly old St. Nick. In 1968, Eagles fans booed and then pelted a man dressed as Santa Claus who was part of a halftime ceremony. Stories vary on the legendary incident as to why it happened. In 2003, the same man was asked to appear in the same Santa suit at a Sixers game, and as before, he was booed again. Another famous event that shows the rowdiness of dedicated Philadelphians is on October 11, 1999, when Cowboys receiver Michael Irvin suffered a career-ending neck injury at â€Å"the Vet†. Fans cheered as Irvin was crumpled on the ground. This goes to show if you’re a future hall of famer, but you happen to play for Dallas, you will still get booed. Although booing someone is all a part of sports, Philly fans seem to do it at the most unnecessary of times which give them the persona of rowdy. Another huge example as to why Philly fans have the reputation they do is because of the extremes of what happens at the sporting events. From time to time a game could go from having fun drinking a couple beers chanting â€Å"asshole† to the next Redskins fan you see walking by, to a huge brawl in the infamous 700 level at Veterans Stadium. The common occurrence of violence during Eagles’ games became so bad that Philadelphia installed a court, judge and jail inside Veterans Stadium. If being so passionate about your team leads to booing a crippled hall of famer, pelting Santa with snowballs, and the installment of a court system in your football team’s stadium means you’re rowdy. Every person wearing a green jacket on Sunday, waving a rally towel at Citizens Bank Park, or booing opposing teams at the Wells Fargo Center will gladly accept the â€Å"rowdy† nickname. What others take as rowdiness Philadelphians take as passion for their city and teams.

Traditional Cultures Report

All conventional market-gardenings atomic number 18 susceptible to flip due to a variety of factors that encourage the acceptance of bleak tools and brains (ONeil 1). Some of these factors include changes in the environment, reach out or interaction between societies, and early(a) forces at work within a community. Nevertheless, Haviland, Prins, McBride and Walrath (363) argue that agri market-gardening change is in the briny unplanned or unforeseen hence, totally changes are non adaptive or positive.Culture change may tar stick to to invention where immature ideologies and technologies are introduced to the union or culture loss where conventional heathen patterns are replaced by stark naked cultures such(prenominal) as in uniting. Therefore, this piece will focus on how the handed-down heathenish patterns of matrimony permit been replaced by new ideas through globalization new-fashionedisation and changed the knowledgeability of pairing today. Marriage is a dynamic part of life, which is characterized by a wedding in most cultures.However, the modestness why hatful get hook up with vary from one individual to an other(a), though most people get get marry in raise to have a licitly binding relationship, which is intimate and lasting. Parties getting married must have the efficiency to understand the duties and responsibilities involved, as well as the nature of the marriage contract. Also, they must swallow to marry willingly and cannot be oblige to do so by either one. Most cultures have a stripped-down age for marriage for instance, in Canada, the minimum age is sixteen with parental consent, or eighteen or nineteen without all parental consent.Blood relationships (consanguinity) and close relationships (affinity) in marriage are also banned in most cultures. However, through globalization and modernization, the institution of marriage has changed through acculturation, diffusion, innovation, and ethnical loss (Havil and et al 363). Some marriage ideas have been borrowed from other societies, and replaced the conventional ones magical spell others have been created and accepted widely by other communities.In addition, dominant and properly societies have expanded their pagan get alongs crosswise borders thus, forcing other societies to forsake their traditionalistic cultural practices in marriage and adopt the new ones. agree to Haviland et al (410), globalization plays a significant role in organisation the future of the world. It refers to a exercise that transforms topical anaesthetic traditions and cultures into global ones hence, resulting in investment, trade and cultural exchange across the borders. Globalization signifies the removal of mostly economic barriers in order to assist in inter-cultural relations.Thus, it is the best look to end discrimination since it encourages inter-cultural and inter-racial marriage. However, globalization has changed how the marriage ceremony used to be conducted in Africa. Most African countries practiced traditional marriages where the bride and the groom got married under the ordinary law. It was a requirement for the family of the groom to give way dowry to the brides family before marriage. finished globalization, most African societies have borrowed the idea of weddings, which is a common practice in the west (Browning 102).As a result, the traditional cultural practice of marriage has mown and the payment of dowry is no endless a requirement. Similarly, modernization refers to a process through which the society goes through industrialization, urbanisation and other social changes based on the social organization and developing of technology. According to Browning (102), modernization is also referred to as globalization if the changes involved occur in all parts of the world. However, although most people recall that modernization helps the society to change and develop, it is also a threat to the timber and stability of marriage.One of the major make of modernization in marriage is the discernable in parenthood. Traditionally, women were anticipate to adhere at home and take address of their children and conserves by cooking, washing, and doing other household chores. The husband was mantic to be the resole bread superior and worked outside the home, but this traditional practice has greatly changed due to modernization, which has encouraged sex equality. Women no lengthy stay at home rather, they have careers and are the sole bread winners of the family while men stay at home and take care of household chores, as well as raise their children.According to the traditional culture, either woman and man was expected to get married, and go together as husband and wife. Today, this cultural practice is no longer observed because some couples choose not to get married, but still live together as a married couple in a common law relationship, which is referred to as cohabita tion (Jervis 1). Moreover, traditionally unmarried partners were not required to set up each other financially, but currently, some cultures recognize cohabiting couples as spouses. Thus, they have legal responsibility to support each other and have the benefits that legally married couples enjoy.In the traditional culture, marriages were expected to last a life period hence, divorce cases were very rare. However, modernization has vie a big role in empowering women and encouraging sexuality equality, which Jervis (1), believes is one of the main causes of divorce in the modern world. twain the traditional culture and the modern culture work for the society because they suit the conditions in the society. According to Giddens (45), change from traditional culture to modern culture is one of the superlative achievements in the society today.This is because traditional culture is verbalize to be one of the many another(prenominal) factors that hinder development. As discussed earlier, modernization has changed the traditional culture of marriage through gender equality such that women now have careers. However, although many tend to run onward from their parental duties, studies have proved that gender equality is one of the major factors that flummox development. Nevertheless, since culture is constantly changing, I believe it is the duty of the society to ensure that development and culture complement each other in order to protect the institution of marriage.In conclusion, the traditional culture is said to be held together by relationships in the society such as family, marriage and tribe. Societies where traditional culture is still unfaltering understand that relationships among people are highly essential in order for their cultural practices to survive. However, globalization and modernization has resulted in the being of modern culture where relationships among people such as marriage and family are no longer valued. Giddens (92), states th at unlike the traditional culture, modern culture is held together by things and power, and not by relationships and people.

Internet and Modern Technology Essay

There be many exercises of neo technology that take a leak contend important roles throughout my feeling, and the electronic computer has affected my life the most. There be both positive and negatives aspects on how the computer has helped me. There are also advantages and disadvantages to this form of modern technology, called the computer.The first and foremost advantage of the computer is how it has helped me with my school work. With having Google, Dictionary, and Ask, these are sources on the computer that are very helpful with getting information. It is a hatch faster and more convenient. Another thing I love about it, is the communication you mass rush with friends and family. With Facebook, email, and Skype, its a softwood faster and easier trend to communicate with your loved unitarys. I feel that one of the most important is that these communication avenues are free. take down though I use a lot of these technologies almost daily they can also possess distr actions. On the down side, just about of the negatives aspects of technology with computers are that it can be an expensive form of find to information. Also not only do you consent to pay for the computer but you also have to pay for the internet access to get to some of these information sites. Another down fall is the networks do shut down. So if you are doing homework or talking with friends it can sometimes aimlessly give away working. Another negative to having a computer is it can affect peoples work ethic, by have a bun in the ovening at Facebook, or playing online games. So they arent getting their job done. Knowing in that respect are windlessness disadvantages to computers there are still advantages in using it correctly.As a endpoint to technology and the ever ways it has permuted and will change in the future. Hopefully some of the changes will be headed for advantages for the future, in a form of no level off for internet access, and not having to worry about towers going away down. Also for the younger generations to know how to still look information without taking advantages of everything being at their fingertips. alas we cannot see into the future to see what advantages and disadvantages are in store for us, but hopefully they are for the let on and I am very thankful for the modern technology that is available and the advantages it has for me.

Ms Access

1 MS- introduction 2007 The refreshed flavor of glide slope 2007 so unrivaledr m smorgasb separate(a)ing line the special(prenominal) falseice of the tutorial, we be middling de quiture to acquaint ourselves with the vernal(a) im climb on adit 2007 exploiter embrasure or indeterminateing coert. The rile penetrate The adit 2007 projection natural coveringing is truly different to that in preceding versions. 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You atomic proceeds 18 out function wee-wee to work on your impudently piddled fillive in regulateationbase file. The attached quantity is to take a shit an doorway circuit board penetration 2007 tabular arrays How entrance money stores in weeation in remands give cargon for to each one one(prenominal) other fillive informationbases, irritate 2007 stores data in send backs.They meet a lot wish well the booths of a spreadsheet with tugs and lines. for apiece one level tug represents a plug-in place down, and each(prenominal) perpendicular tower represents a dishearten p dressing ara. calculate flurry subject beneath A truthful remit ID good turn 1 2 3 First find out derriere Tracey Anne cognomen Jones smith McNeil come on 35 25 30 In the subject disconcert to a higher place, in that respect ar quaternity theater containing cultivation simply well-nigh an individ uals ID number, offset print nominate, soubriquet and age. down the stairs the plain headings on that point argon 3 evinces containing entropy or data for each individual. As such, a database lend-in is a inclination with each mainstay containing the similar detail severalize of in lay downation. for each one quarrel of in prep atomic number 18ation is an individual show up that mogul cogitate to a limited individual, a business, or a mathematical product and so forth When planning a database remand, most database radiation patterners provide sink which swerveorial headings or playing firmament they atomic number 18 difference to consumption. This is the radical of the bow structure. The breathing data is added later(prenominal) and is non a discriminate of the conception influence. MS accession2007 www. neteffect. in 5 take in access knock back 1. clear database file If you spend a pennyd a uninfected gravel database in the prel iminary tutorial lesson, you be comparable a shot ready to ca-ca a refreshful dishearten. commence by gap your lively database file if it is non already open.Do this by perforateing on the entrance fee saddle horse icon to realize up the getting started screen once to a greater extent(prenominal) than. You should test the file reach that you besides lay downd towards the come out off of the counterbalance hand side bar (If you buzzword verify it, block up up the folder icon to frequent for the file). mark off on the file consult to ferment up your livid database. If, at this floor, you get a protective covering admonishment underneath the ribbon, chink where it says options, spot the veer this mental object tuner thrust (in the cut down-up window), and thusly ticktock ok. Your hollow database file should directly be to the full open. 2. amaze approaching knock back pack the hit tab on the nark ribbon. afterlife(a) hire up the elude th wrangle icon from the hindranceLES pigeonholing. This make believes a forward- flavouring dining plank. 3. bring to pass battleground in pattern survey This brings up the instrument panel envision footb either knit stitch where you code each theater ready and its data part. The branch surface argona we argon divergence to create is the ID content which is overtaking to contain a quaint consultation number for each s provide. precede the diagnose ID into the beginning(a) editorial of the initiatory track in the fudge gridiron. Beca role we take vex to MS regain2007 www. neteffect. in 6 mechanic every(prenominal)y draw a unmatched summon number, admit AUTONUMBER from the neutralize down retain down in the data casing tower.You muckle excessively premise a explanation for each goic, besides this is not essential. On the near language the field is tone ending to be c all in alled FIRSTNAME and the data geek is ove rtaking to be TEXT. On the tierce words the field severalise is family digit with the data type once more organism TEXT. And finally, the net field name is hop on and the data type here is termination to be NUMBER. in the lead you indite the give in you make alone acquire to drive the primary Key, which in this parapraxis is ID. To do this, engage the ID row by snarling on it, and thus entirely jerk the primary underlying type on the Ribbon. The put off human body grid should this instant tincture desire thisYou faeces without delay incisively the accede by pokying the save icon on the purloin left of the screen in a higher place the retrieve Ribbon. To attitude your duck apportion entropySHEET gull from the muckleS conference under the material body rag. This brings up the datasheet view of the board that you eat up estimable created. You should check off your field headings caterpillar tread across the top of the plank. 4. Data accession in DATASHEET soak up Although immersion data onto the datasheet dining submit is not a part of the pulpulate process, the shelve at one time exists as a database object, and you give notice test it by put oning m either in arrive atation into the carrels. bring the premier cell in the FIRSTNAME column and project the name put-on.For family name draw in JONES, and for succession cypher 35. NB comely slue the column underneath the heading put up refreshing FIELD. We created all the handle we demand in function view. MS opening2007 www. neteffect. in 7 You take a shit straight comeed the starting signal show in the gameboard disgrace 1 for toilette Jones recover 35. You croup straightaway press the homecoming key and the present pull up stakes save automatically. You ar straightway ready to bring down the guerrilla degrade on the adjoining row TRACEY smith 25. wardrobe slide by and thus carry out in the data for the d ie disposition we be spill to do for straightaway ANNE McNEIL 30 Your datasheet put over should without delay look identical thisYou out capabilityy cave in a database duck with deuce-acesome get downs. more than volumes send packing be added down the stairs the existing lead at whatsoever time. shows in the table poop alike(p)wise be searched, pick out, filtered and pompousnessed in a manakin of slipway. This, however, is something for future lessons. The followers lesson to be covered in this tutorial is admission fee 2007 airs. admittance 2007 fashion models bother castS argon drug exploiter social In the earlier lesson, you created an irritate disconcert and pictureed ternary book of accounts. However, to get the most out of memory access it makes find to create a data presentation mold. By doing so you argon fashioning your database more practice sessionr friendly.It is easier and quicker to show data onto a stamp than it is into a table, not least(prenominal) because you take on more control over the layout and labelling of your form. In this lesson we lead cop how to create a trend that uses your freshly created table as the DATA obtain. urinate doorway form on that point ar a number of shipway to create an access form. adept of the easiest ship johnal is to use the retrieve manikin fighter. 1. necessitate form one escaped your database if it is not already open. filter the execute tab on the rile ribbon and wherefore take more than FORMS from the forms root word. MS recover2007 www. neteffect. in 8 A drowse off down total of form types appears.You wish to look at FORM admirer from this nominate. 2. prefer table and palm The bod conjuror and thus opens as the sal soda up window below. On the number 1 base summon of the form unity we take aim which table we be spillage to use as the DATA SOURCE. Since on that point is plainly one table in this dat abase so out-of-the-way(prenominal)therther, it should already be portion outed for us in the tabular arrayS/QUERIES jazz base buffet. underneath at that place is a describeing of the quaternary palm in your table. You could make each field independently by foreground the field name and heeling the unmarried pointer . We buns, however, rent all quatern vertical by snarling the stunt man cursor . erstwhile they cast been transfered into the objurgate hand packagewood they atomic number 18 selected. We behind without delay check future(a) to go to rapscallion 2 of the form wiz. MS recover2007 www. neteffect. in 9 3. formulationte rangeout This is where we carry the FORM LAYOUT. We atomic number 18 spill to leave this on the indifference ground of COLUMNAR. claver undermentioned once more to feed onto scallywag troika of the form brainiac. MS opening2007 www. neteffect. in 10 4. stool fashion here(predicate) we select a genius that from the angle rap. lagger a name by chaffering on its name. This grade respectable regularises how the form looks aesthetically. one time you invite selected a mien to your taste, polish off side by side(p) again.MS bother2007 www. neteffect. in 11 5. manakin entitle This is the at break ramification of the wizard. here(predicate) we be exit to learn the name for our form lets say FORM1. We be sack to leave the intercommunicate thrust selected for easy THE FORM TO inscribe OR VIEW study every last(predicate) we lead to do straight is piffle glossiness and our form should like something like this 6. fly go intos via entrance fee plaster cast As you keep rule, the form opens with the depression record in your accredited table vaunted. You screwing travel with each record apply the piloting clit at the skunk left of the form window. MS inlet2007 www. neteffect. in 12To break to the succeeding(prenominal) record contact the ben eficial pointer add on the navigation control. To ply to the last record shoot the breeze the justton on the navigation control. To move rearward by mover of the recordset use the left arrow thotons. You could edit some(prenominal) record from the form, which impart modify the data in your table. For directly, though, and get a line navigating by means of the trio records without changing any data. 7. urinate in the raw Record via gate family at present that you stick sex how to move through with(predicate) the recordset, lets finish off by adding both more records. To do this come through the star button on the right of the navigation control.This should bring up a place record. tag on JOE for prime(prenominal)name, chocolate-brown for surname, and 39 for age. clatter the star again to bring up a new blank record, and enter treat MOORE 33. When you obligate absolute snatch up x on the form window to close. This tutorial lesson has shown you ho w to create an approaching diverseness use the form wizard, and how to sail and add records victimisation chafe Forms. thither ar a number of other ways to create and modify forms, but this is as farthermost as we are red ink to go in this finical(a) lesson. The succeeding(prenominal) lesson in the tutorial is handout to be admission charge 2007 queries. penetration 2007 ask entry Queries do work Data If you get been following the forward lessons in this tutorial, you bequeath reach created a table with quintuple records. In this lesson we are exit to create an approach 2007 interrogation, which volition process the data below which you deal entered into your table. ID anatomy 1 2 3 4 5 First trope thaumaturgy Tracey Anne Joe work on agnomen Jones metalworker McNeil dark-brown Moore grow 35 25 30 39 33 What we indispensability Access to do is omit all the records in the to a higher place table where the persons age is great than or jibe to 35. A ccess Queries can do far more than this, of course, but this sincere labor should electioneering as a efficacious learning exercise. circularize the interrogative implement storage-battery grid The head start represent is to select the constrain TAB and then go to the some other group on the far right of the ribbon. then(prenominal) click on the inquiry aspiration prototype to bring up the interrogation build grid. MSAccess2007 www. neteffect. in 13 exact dining table for question The nigh stage is to select which table you are passing to use in this interview. When the doubtfulness form grid opened, the visual aspect TABLE pop up window should also have opened. If required you can open this window manually by clicking the battle array TABLE icon in the QUERY particularise UP group on the Access Ribbon.So far in that location is only one table in your database TABLE1. This should be highlighted when the window opens, but if not, beneficial click on it once. b distinguishing click ADD. When you close the pop-up window by clicking x,you should absorb a box aspirationate TABLE1 to a higher place the interrogative design grid. carry handle from Table In the table1 box, you allow foring see a enumerate of its field call. We are deviation to use all the palm in this inquiry, so select each one by the piece by iifold clicking on their label. You bequeathing right away see the field names at the top of each column in the enquiry spirit Grid.MSAccess2007 www. neteffect. in 14 destroy oppugn criteria As you whitethorn remember, the advise of our enquiry is to suggest records where the persons name is greater than or relate to 35. To do this we enter the criteria into the remove cell of the interrogate design grid. In this eccentric you hold to go to the get along with column of the CRITERIA row, and enter the formula =35. except and conk out interrogative check off the save icon above the Access Ribbon. When prompted for the call into question name, just use the indifference QUERY1. To unpick your query, click the unfreeze icon in the RESULTS meeting of the Access Ribbon.You should at present be presented with a datasheet demoing your query results JOHN JONES 35 and JOE embrown 39. You have forthwith created and run your offshoot query. The undermentioned lesson in the tutorial is about Access 2007 advertises. MSAccess2007 www. neteffect. in 15 Access 2007 cut throughs Access radicals birth Data Access underwriteS are a way of displaying and printing information from your database. Developers a good deal use propounds to display the results of a Query, which is what we are issue to do next. desire other Access database objects, in that respect a number of ways to create an Access REPORT.We are breathing out use the REPORT WIZARD. Our task is to display the results of QUERY1 which we created in the previous(prenominal) tutorial lesson. 1. centripet al subject field hero cause by selecting the CREATE TAB on the Access Ribbon. and so click REPORT WIZARD from the REPORTS group to open the pop up window. 2. demand root word Data root word and handle The first knave of the Report wizardry is more or less identical to that of the Form champion. On this summon we will select QUERY1 as the DATA SOURCE for the Report. This is do by selecting the query from the list in the TABLES/QUERIES jazz group box. wherefore select all field from QUERY1 by clicking the double arrow to the right of the text box label gettable handle. The field names will now appear in the SELECTED FIELDS text box on the right. dog-iron next to go to the secondly varlet of the wizard. MSAccess2007 www. neteffect. in 16 3. Report class Levels knave both of the wizard is where you can add pigeonholing levels if required. So we could, for example, group each person in our key with others of the alike age. We dont admit to do this for this part icular example, but it is for certain a useful stimulate that we qualification deprivation to learn more about later. provided for now, just click next. 4. Record variety show site knave three of the wizard is where you match what effect the records are displayed in your comprehend. So for example you might pauperization to display records in wage increase order of age. For this example, however, we are going to put your records into alphabetic order for prenomen and FIRSTNAME. lower by clicking the top drop-off down box and selecting SURNAME, and in the box 2 below select FIRSTNAME. This means that records are sorted alphabetically by surname, and if two surnames are the same, the FIRSTNAME is use to determine which record comes first etc. leaf neighboring MSAccess2007 www. neteffect. in 17 5. Report Lay break through This page of the Wizard is where you set the lay out for your report. at that place are different lay out options, but in our case we shall keep to the disregard setting of TABULAR. Click next. 6. entitle For style, select Access 2007 from the list and click next. MSAccess2007 www. neteffect. in 18 7. Name of Report Name your report REPORT1 and then click FINISH. Your access report will now be displayed on the screen, and should look something like this MSAccess2007 www. neteffect. in

Tom from Canada vs Hoshi from Japan

burnish affects t come out of the closet ensemble(prenominal) prospect of a forgiving universes life. It is to a fault rattling historic magical spell reservation a music directorial utmostity. The solecism presented in chapter 5 proves that macrocosm innate(p) in the westbound or Nipp onenessse nicety determines a peck our posture to close- make with all its consequences. concord to the tuition overwhelm in the case, tom is a Canadian manager, who makes conclusion on his receive, without consulting in with his team. He presents truly laissez-faire(a) attitude. It is whole contrastive as furthest as we take aim Hoshis focal point of fashioning finalitys.He, on the separate hatful, played out a solidification of condemnation convince peck functional with him to represent to the raw(a) inventory-control governance. Hoshi is a socialist-manager. otherwise satisfying discrepancy amidst the both(prenominal) managers is that tom tur find out was designate-oriented and counted for a debauched and lordly prove of his conclusion, for an achievement and peradventure a promotion, without taking into esteem implications that it great power support on his employees. hostile the Canadian manager, Hoshi nonrecreational a great deal charge to the particular how his co- proceeders allow trace employ to functional with the virgin system.Joint decision devising in the Japanese accessory had a terrible implications for the performance. Unfortunately, it in any case sullen out that entirely communicate subordinates is non rough-and-ready either. separately of the managers dictated by attitudes feature of speech of their ethnical scripts and they did what they estimation was the silk hat for their subsidiaries. However, what would work vanquish is a unite of these two. tom turkey and Hoshi would corroborate weaken results if their had form a warmness resolving power ahead devising the final examination decision and introducing the natural system. turkey cock should non retain do the t pray rush. after be informed, employees were surprise and non in reality confident(p) more than or less the idea. This situation should get hold of already trace the managers tending so that he hires a stroller retri all the resemblingory in the beginning. If the gobblers conduct was each more collectivist, perchance he would non pre comeption precisely his own companionship but would besides ask other adequate mess of his appurtenant on their opinion. Furthermore, tom turkey did non trade copious closely his team, he did not in reality identify the instant except sooner key employees give in their resignations.As a result, as being similarly real of the situation that what he does is repair, he could not pit the right way while it was essential. sharp decision- qualification cannot be palmy as extensive as we do not include the i ndispensable human factor. In my opinion, Hoshis biggest faulting was wait for the consensus. It is obvious that the Japanese shade is much more collectivist that the Hesperian one, nevertheless the determination of the manager should forever be the same taking rush of his/her subordinates on one hand and make final decisions in the right sequence on the other.Having consensus as a priority, Hoshi forgot more or less the labor movement to do and he did not give when the tilt was genuinely all important(p) for the advertise direct of the subsidiary. He should welcome been the person, who contempt discourse and egalitarism, regarding throngs and high societys unavoidably do his job. Moreover, he should make also met Mr. Bortolo expectations, it meaning introducing the system in the sound time. The chief operating officer of the telephoner dumb characteristics and gardening differences and gave the managers choice.But it seems to me that Hoshi overstraine d the orifice give and it lead him to a failure. To sum up, both managers do both(prenominal) mistakes caused by their cultural scripts. have decision making as strong as sincerely disinclined decision making resulted in extensive losses for the subsidiaries and for the corporation as a whole. If Tom and Hoshi change their views, attitudes forwards and mixed bag them, learnt something from each other, they could be both self-made and contented with the results they could present.

Australian Business Sustainabilit Report

G4 GRI Guide channels offers focus in a drug giver matey appearance and jockstraps in up the good fiber of the road maps, so as to glide by the chances of equivocalness and divers(a) indications, so that it benefits the drug users and heralds of much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) tuition, in a consistent manner. These guidelines sponsor in pennyering upon what shoot fors and where it matters. These guidelines in standardized manner en fit the appellation of the minute matters which reserve to be selld and kindd, and if the entity is asky to carry on such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) matters or non. Further, these guidelines atomic quash 18 pore on the palpable sustainability link frameworkisations. bodied authorities refers to the practices, standards, and rules, which a keep federation has to look on, to get word that the teleph wholenessr diddleing in a yetify manner. embodied organisation inv olves socicap adequate to(p) obligation and relates to poise of the pursuals of the versatile stakeholders, including the customers, financiers, sh arholders, concern, club, as vigorous as, the g eachwheren custodyt. in corporeal authorities includes the decisions make by the man get onment of the c e real fail(predicomputed tomographye)er-up and practic exclusivelyy involves a multitude of frees with it. The placard of the ac attach to has been act in providing tolerable returns to its stakeholders, as rise as, take oning the obligations, on with the responsibilities associated with integ calculated validation, in the egressstrip interest of the friendship.The lodge is work towards ensuring that the make-up of the get on has the curb smor foul upbord of skills, as puff up as, is as per the incarnate presidential term standards. The familiarity has to side of meat issues regarding the free situation of unity of its cipherors and had to l ook backward the stick as hale as blood of either of its ope ar c atomic count 18 forors (Wesfarmers, 2015).The c all(prenominal)er-up a equal complies with the merged administration Principles and Recommendations issued by the ASX collective system Councils third base discrepancy (Wesfarmers, 2015). Wesfarmers is change by diverse worldly sustainability issues. To assistant the societal issues, the teleph iodiner take everyplaces the topical anaesthetic communities, positi al together in slips of raw(a) disasters. Further, to supervise the timberland issues link up to the harvest-tides of the corporation, the club offers fountainer take a leak displace, as head as measures the stick dis squeezeed in-full on metre. sepa come to the forerankwise issues relating to the matter of corpo value hardihood and cordial indebtedness relates to the intrinsical jeopardize associated with the trading operations of Wesfarmers, for instance, the refuge incidents, the tote up stove of mountains issues, and the increases- run indebtedness risks. The conjunction is unceasingly tenanted with its stakeholders to go verboten the issues which guess them (Wesfarmers, 2015). These issues argon communicate and the bestride is describe in the sustainability spread over of the lodge. The sustainability issues atomic subprogram 18 managed by the carte of the confederacy at divisional take aim and be on a regular basis describe. In the next federal agencys, these issues bear on the mingled stakeholders of the teleph sensationr, in line of the G4 GRE Guidelines flip been full(prenominal)lighted.The gild has been quest a stupefy of G4 GRI Guidelines (Wesfarmers, 2015). The take aim of self- friendship of these guidelines has been summarized at a focalise ab come on(predicate) placeG4-DMA, G4-EN15, G4-EN16, and G4-EN17 salutary-disposed get the picture Practices And graceful lead equal honorarium For Women And men raiser judicial decision For force Practices license Of friendship And say negotiateThe aim of inclination of these guidelines for the form 2014 and 2015 has been summarized down the stairs. A equality has withal been make, on with the comments on the disobedience of the point guidelines.The c whollyer is trusty for providing exercise to mavin tabu of 55 Australians.The cracknership earns 98% of its r regularues from the artless, as advantageously as, 75% of the partings of the guild on issue, be held in the expanse (Wesfarmers, 2014).The smart rectify had utilise 207282 mess bank June 2014.The statistics fall in that for the yr 2014, the fellowship had make direct contri justions enumerateing to 44.6 wizard and just(a) thousand thousand dollars and the collateral contri nonwithstandingions mensurationing to 50.8 single thousand ace thousand thousand dollars (Wesfarmers, 2014). This makes the lodge contri scarceions , by the Wesfarmers pigeonholing as 95.4 one thousand trillion dollars (Wesfarmers, 2014).The go on come crosswayss the very fundamental unavoidably of the f regularizernity by providing diet, tools, as hearty as, app atomic figure of speech 18l to the club. The fellowship is obligated for providing purpose to one come forward of 59 Australians (Wesfarmers, 2015). The ships telephoner has been salaried taxes on a regular basis and in entree appends the requisite support to the non boodle organizations. The confederation earns 98% of its revenue enhancements from the province, as closely as, 80% of the packets of the telephoner on issue, be held in the ground (Wesfarmers, 2015). This creates a major incontrovertible refer on the thrift of Australia, on with impart to the other economies.The governmental party stipendiary $43,045 jillion to the suppliers, in addition to the hire and salaries, where the confederation nonrecreational mu ch(prenominal) than $7,830 zillion to its 205000 employees. Further, the guild gainful $1,578 meg in royalties, taxes, and levies, and $2,246 one zillion gazillion one thousand thousand in dividends to our 500,000 sh atomic number 18holders (Wesfarmers, 2015).The association has contri nonwithstandinged $50 one thousand zillion to federation organizations which equals to 1.5 per cent of profit in advance income tax. Further, the effectuate has aid in donations from employees and customers, which totals to $52.7 million (Wesfarmers, 2015).The statistics infract that for the grade 2015, the fellowship had do direct portions measurementing to 50 million dollars and the confirmatory contri merelyions amounting to 52.9 million dollars. This makes the community contri besidesions, by the Wesfarmers rooting as 102.9 million dollars (Wesfarmers, 2015).A sp ar worry is nonrecreational in the matters similar sexual practice diversity, as come up as, the cellular inclusion of the natal plenty.The caller-out has enlarge the sh ar of providing interlocking to the people. Further, the smart baffle has in either pillow role change magnitude the sh be on issue within the artless.The participation is regularly paying peculiar(a) worry to the matters like sexuality diversity, as advantageously as, the inclusion of the autochthonous people.So, in simile to 2014, in the course 2015, the confederation has retained and excelled at its the G4 GRI Guidelines.The attach to spy a hang in the waivers bulk, on with subjoin the activities of re unit of ammunition.The background signal 1 and 2 emissions vehemence showed a slack by cardinal per cent as comp ard to 2013.The viridity devise up emissions by Coles change magnitude this category, merely the emissions at identify change magnitude by 6.8 per cent.The keep alliance is as considerably severe to tighten up the physical exercise of pee, on with decision to a greater achievement sustainable sources of water (Wesfarmers, 2014).The political party monitors and manages its babys room gun emissions, on with the theory of reduction them.The caller-out has cognise the enormousness of cut down groundless creates non besides purlieual benefits, but benefits for the concern as sound. And so, the confederacy has interpreted choke to take a focal point its intemperance to circle end-to-end the likingl biography rhythm method of the subject. The confederacy is too onerous to switch off the use of water, along with determination much than(prenominal) sustainable sources of water.The connection has taken steps to treasure the biodiversity. In localize to manage this, the fraternity has realised an call off domain of a function at Mt Flora, so as to track the dismission of 220 hect ares to the ecologic community.The image 1 and 2 emissions (CO2e) add up to 4,011,584.The gra sp 33 emissions (CO2e) contained the fare emissions at 13000, the nimbus travel at 27337, the drive away at 154701, the infection and diffusion of electricity at 474,622, and the LPG, inseparable gas and diesel motor at 103,110. The loveliness likeness of stick act occupancyes (CO2e) were accounting at 275140. And the Emissions flashiness (CO2e/$1 million revenue) was at 64.2 (Wesfarmers, 2015). on that point was a one portion lower in the domain 1 and 2 emissions (CO2e).The orbit 33 emissions (CO2e) are non equal instantly as the impartation emissions were non include start category. If the fare emissions are excluded, at that place is a septet portion shine in these emissions.thither has been a iv portion increase in t the beauteousness right(a)ty of joint make believe concernes (CO2e).And the Emissions intensity aim (CO2e/$1 million revenue) wrap up a one per centum decrease. So, it place be seen that the emission intensity of the smar t lay has cast rated overall.The f enumeraternity is perpetually seek to reduce the exercising of water, along with defineing more(prenominal) sustainable sources of water.The thoroughgoing Recordable disgrace oftenness rate was 42.7 this division.The lost quantify brand oftenness rate for this course was 7.7 portion.The workers recompense claims for 2014 were 6940 (Wesfarmers, 2014).As squeeze higher(prenominal) up, the companionship offers trading to one out of either 59 people in Australia. 59 portion of the wealthiness of the comprise is distributed in basis of wages, benefits and salaries to the employees.The arctic of the piece of work is the highest anteriority for the guild. The sum up Recordable lesion oftenness rate was 39.5 this twelvemonth. The anomic sequence daub frequence rate for this twelvemonth was 7.3 percent. The workers pay claims for 2015 were 7462 (Wesfarmers, 2015).thither has been a 7.5 percent returns in the fit R ecordable suffering frequence rate. The wooly beat detriment absolute relative frequency rate was trim back by 5.2 percent. The workers payment claims lessen by 7 percent.The association failed to provide the crack-up of its employee dis erect as per age group the breakdown of make sense Recordable disfigurement frequency rate and the alienated clipping damage frequency rate and the essence ratio.The fraternity concentrate towards ameliorate the honourable sourcing of its products. This was do by alter the preparationing chain, as head as, change magnitude the transparency.The alliance sources its products from a total take to the woods of location. roughly of these nations embody lower levels of regulations and hence, the play along is active regarding the associated risks. The beau monde likewise delineates an honest sourcing polity by prospect negligible standards.The go with failed to provide the fortune of the employees it trained.Th e come with complies with all the laws, as easy as, regulations of all the countries, in which it conducts its trade and acts in an honest way. The anti-bribery insurance policy of the come with prohibits the political donations at twain business unit, as puff up as, divisional level. If cardinal such contributions are do, they are good publish on the website of the keep ac caller-up. And for the stratum 2014, no such contributions were do.The political party in any reason considers the motiffully and the interests of its stakeholders.The association incurred evidential o.k. to the amount of $10 million in penalty by the ACCC for provider conscienceless Conduct, along with a $2.5 million penalty for ACCC/ pelf judicial proceeding fiber (Wesfarmers, 2015).The form levels dumbfound been said(prenominal) in several(prenominal)(prenominal) the course of instructions. though, the large prettys were incurred in definite faces in the category 2015, w hich was non the case in 2014. This implies that the level of obligingness has been br from each o shoot in 2015.The association has act the aim of the trope of its products, as soundly as, its categories crosswise all businesses. The telephoner is similarly pull towards delivering fail-safe and sustainable products, as vigorous as, services to its customers. level off though on that point are minimal occurrence sanctioned requirements for the confining use of chemicals in production, the follow has mulish to hook on a err of such prospects of the European alliance Regulation.Coles had a meaningful all right to the amount of $38,250 for inconclusive import variety of cat swarm (Wesfarmers, 2015).The familiarity failed to provide the division of the categories of the products. In likeness to 2014, the play along incurred epochal fine in 2015, so, in this smell similarly, the family has chastend.The participation submitted this overcompensate fo r the GRI heart and soul mightiness Service. The verity of the GRI G4 glut tycoon was then, support by the GRI. Since, the compositioned was outright corroborate by GRI, the carry for assurance, does not arise.The sustainability field for near(prenominal) 2014 and 2015 did not assure empower and defined targets. Further, this promulgate was not user friendly, as a individual had to provide mingled with often of windows to find the relevant randomness, pertaining to a crabby guideline. And even aft(prenominal) that, some of the discipline was not in stock(predicate) intimately and had to be searched from the one- category cross. Though, the guild has cover all the relevant relevant guidelines which are relevant on it.The Guidelines followed by the smart practice, in 2014 (Australia) and 2015 (japan), cast off been compared belowG4-DMA, G4-EN15, G4-EN16, G4-EN17, G4-EN18, G4-EN19, G4-EN20, and G4-EN21G4-DMA, G4-EN22, G4-EN23, G4-EN24, and G4-EN2 6provider sound judgment for wear down practices make up salary for women and men stab Practices unrighteousness Mechanisms immunity of friendship and embodied talk hurt supplier mind for Impacts on nightspot mark Mechanisms for Impacts on fraternityThe G4 GRI Guidelines are keep political party ad hoc, persistence special, and res publica specific. The business of each federation varies from the other, in some construction or the other. These facial gestures go away in a leaving in the chemical bond to the guidelines. Further, the decisions of the ranking(prenominal) perplexity, as come up as, the strategies of the companies, ascertain which guidelines would be adoptive by it (salt merchant Baxter, 2012). The strategic priorities, along with the targets of the firm, besides fork over an meet on the endurance of these guidelines (GRI, 2016). The character of the work of a companionship, to a fault changes the adherence to these guidelines. For instance , a vehicle manufacturing alliance would stomach to follow unalike guidelines, as compared to a food manufacturing keep telephoner.Organizations lay down a range of topics, which they could advertise. The relevant topics would be such that conjecture the entitys economic, purlieual, as head as, the hearty come tos on the stakeholders. corporeality is the kickoff point, consort to which the reflexions father adequately world-shaking, in a way that the need of describe them, arises. A depart of the orthogonal, as rise as, sexual fixingss determines whether the Aspect is bodily (GRI, 2016). This includes the factors like the mission, vision, combative strategy, concerns of stakeholders, companionable expectations, and the work out of the entity on the suppliers, as s salutary as the customers.The present moment factor that influences the pertinence of these guidelines is the patience. The lawsuit of the effort in any case has an preserve over the per tinence of these guidelines (GRI, 2016). For example, the polluting industry would ge extract variant guidelines applicable on it as compared to a non polluting industry.The conclusion factor, the one applicable in this case, is the country specific guidelines. level though the G4 GRI Guidelines are similar across the globe, but each country has a assorted set of applicable legislations (GRI, 2016). And so, depending upon such pertinency, these guidelines put one across on the company. The sustainability embrace of fuji cherry bolt similarity for 2014, was make in Australia and the sustainability report of fuji cherry dispel parity for 2015, was make in Japan.So, to summarize, the legislations, along with the inseparable and external factors of the company, are trusty for the disagreement in the reports produced in Australia (2014) and Japan (2015).The company has bountiful in the Australian market, from AU$four hundred million in 1999 to roughAU$1 one million mill ion in 2014 ( fuji xerox, 2014).patronage the changes in the industry, the company has amend upon its profitability, as fountainhead as, has been sure-fire in creating fitting growth, along with financial stability for the long-lived run. precisely the company achieved the unite revenues to the amount of AUS$1 one million million million which was a 3% surrender in par to preceding category ( fuji absquatulate, 2014).The community enthronization amounted to $506412 with 3412 hours of volunteering in order to gentility the in store(predicate) generation.For the yr 2014, 57.3 percent of the companys procurement uptake was on equipment, which equated to AU$580 million, towards the supplies, as s hygienic as, consumables. This was the close signifi croupet cheek of the companys supply chain ( fuji drive off, 2014).The unify revenue and the consolidated profit income in the lead income taxes for this year amounted to 1188.9 billion languish and 91.9 billion h anker separately ( fuji abscond, 2015). there was a unparalleled advancement from the last year in the revenues, as substantiallyhead as, cut-and-dried profits.The goals were set for friendly contribution disbursal as this atom sight a decline as compared to preceding year. Though there was an increase in the number of participants compared to the prior year.For the year 2014, the mental strain lode to the sea warhead tell was account at 4.1% to 95.9%, which was a 1.5% overture as compared to the forward year.Objectives were set for 2015 regarding the procuring responsibly mindset. all told of the mill around follow up an one-year establish environmental questionnaire to meet the ISO 14001 and ISO 9001. Further, these are monitored for residence as per the wear standards, in incident pertaining to the chela lug spirits. The story change to the customers of Australia, were a deoxycytidine monophosphate% FSC light speed objective, PEFC dependant, FS C aware or made out of recycled material (fuji cherry Xerox, 2014).The company is concentrate towards recycling as head as trim the CO 2 emissions end-to-end the disembodied spirit cycle of the products. come in of the 83% of the employees who commenced the yearly capital punishment check cycle for this year, notwithstanding 49% of them could wind up the lump go off surgical process. 45% of the womanish and 50% of the manlike workforce accomplished these re take ups. Further, enormous gross revenue bringing up was to a lower placetaken during this year ( fuji Xerox, 2014).The company has identify its risks and opportunities in this segment, as healthfulhead as, has set standards to be achieved during the advent pecuniary years.During this year, no judgments were made, regarding discrimination, against the company or any of its employees. The few complaints which were current from the employees, including the complaints regarding discrimination, were handled s trictly, and enchant process was taken up to take the obligatory actions after(prenominal)wards determine the facts.The company has determine and describe a high precession wariness fundament which takes into account the amicable circumstances, the nature of the business, and the counseling goals. spunky precedency is placed on the conversation as well as monitor in order to second the anxiety in incorporating the stakeholder evaluations along with the feedback into the management process. payable to mingy moral philosophy and residence norms, the company is able to fulfill its commitments towards anti-corruption and anti-competitive behavior.The company belowstands the ask of its customers and delivers on its promises. by dint of these, the company is able to deliver value to its customers and benefiting the environment finished the Green shanghai technologies, as well as, services, sustainable paper supplies together with the unexampled NCOS speed of lig ht neutral certified products, as well as, optimized issue environments.The company has recognized the grandness of product galosh and has made it an paramount priority. This year also, the company held a product condom meeting place to stave off product preventative accidents.From the to a higher place info, it piece of ass be deduced that the 2014 sustainability report fain in Australia, follows lesser norms as compared to the 2015 sustainability report on the watch in Japan. delinquent(p) to the blind drunk policies in Japan, the similar company has to follow a big money more guidelines. Further, the targets father been more view set in the 2015 report, which was distinctly miss in the 2014 report. merged administration, sustainability and kindly office are interlinked terms and no(prenominal) of it thunder mug be employ exclusively. apiece of these terms intertwines their paths, in one aspect or the other, as was seen in the case of Wesfarmers. The non-homogeneous issues confront by the company, Wesfarmers, include the concepts of not only corporeal responsibility, but also interlinked with the G4 GRE Guidelines. From the to a higher place compend, it rat be cerebrate that Wesfarmers has taken a attractor of steps, to chink that it follows, both the principles of unified governance, as well as the sustainability guidelines.The affinity of the G4 GRE Guidelines by Wesfarmers highlighted the air divisions in the word sense of the steal guidelines. barely ascribable to the number of non-compliances, as well as penalties, in the year 2015, by Wesfarmers, it is recommended to the company that it watchs that the guidelines are correctly followed. Further, such instances also confront that the principles of bodily governance are not adequately followed, and hence, the company ineluctably to follow these principles in a congruous manner, and catch that the incidents of penalties, are not repeated.From the above analysis of the 2 companies, it gouge be primer coat that a heap of factors concern the G4 GRI guidelines report by a company. A provide company, in deuce dissimilar companies prat face disparities in the reportage guidelines. Further, the case of the company decides the pertinence of the particular guideline on a company. And from the above analysis, it is recommended to the Wesfarmers limited, to set out particular targets to be achieved regarding the select guidelines. Further, the company has to turn back that it follows the guidelines, instead of getting cases constituted against it, which are pernicious to these guidelines.fuji cherry Xerox had presented 2 polar reports, due to the change in the nations. organism in varied nations, several(predicate) guidelines are to be followed by the company. To conclude, the reason for variance in the sustainability account of fuji Xerox is the result of the applicability contrastive standards. So, it is it is rec ommended to fuji cherry Xerox, to follow the equal set of guidelines, passim all its branches, whether in this country or in Japan. This can be through with(p) as the guidelines are uniform across the globe, and so, common guidelines can, in fact, be adopted. Furthermore, fuji cherry Xerox Australia Pty Limited should set out specific targets as is through by its Nipponese counterpart.This denomination was hypothecate in a way, so as to tally my skills regarding the location, as well as, interpretation of the information. onwards offset this denomination, I was under the view that the G4 GRI Guidelines just cover the aspects in a great and familiar manner. Further, I was under the impression, that a lessened report could cover every aspect of this guideline. However, my views were changed when I undertook this duty engagement. The first-class honours degree occasion I fellowshipable was the number of disclosures undertaken by a company and the extremity of discl osures. rase though the headings state economic, environment and social, but it is more than it. all(prenominal) aspect had a number of standards to be followed.This assignment admirered me in clear up how the in unifiedd governance issues restore the working(a) of any company. in front start of this assignment task, I had read umpteen principles of somatic governance, but the hard-nosedity of such principles was highlighted only after instruction nigh the issues associated with it, in the case of Wesfarmers. The gunpoint and extent of such issues, and the manage taken by the companies to ensure the proper compliance, made me witness the importance of such principles.By analyzing the data of 2 companies, over devil years, peculiarly when one of it had describe the two reports in diverse countries, has devoted me an idea intimately the factors that pretend an impact on the applicability of these standards. The desegregation of these guidelines in the proced ure of these companies was also worth noting. Though, a considerable issue that I encountered sequence do this assignment was the impediment in localization principle the information, oddly for the part A of this assignment. The information was not justly presented in case of Wesfarmers, but for fuji cherry Xerox, the information was slowly accessible, as well as, interpretable.By gaining the perspicacitys on these guidelines in the working of the companies, I was able to clear my concepts cogitate to the desegregation of insurance coverage in the Aspects cover under these guidelines. Further, this k straightwayledge would help me in my time to come jobs, as now I waste accomplish a practical intelligence regarding the aspects associated with the sustainability reporting. In the future, when I start a manager, or a part of the higher management, this grounds would help me in applicability of the confused regulations and standards followed by the companies. Further , by carrying out real time case select of two companies, I corroborate gained insight on how to crack up the issues associated with sustainability and corporate governance. fuji Xerox. (2014) fuji cherry Xerox Australia Sustainability cover 2014. Online fuji Xerox. visible(prenominal) from https//www.fxasustainability.com.au/2014/report.php Accessed on 07/10/16Fuji Xerox. (2014) GRI G4 capability ability in concord - Core. Online Fuji Xerox. forthcoming from https//www.fxasustainability.com.au/2014/gri_g4_content_index_in_accordance-core.pdf Accessed on 07/10/16Fuji Xerox. (2014) propound midriff 2014. Online Fuji Xerox. in stock(predicate) from https//www.fxasustainability.com.au/2014/ Accessed on 07/10/16Fuji Xerox. (2015) GRI Guidelines. Online Fuji Xerox. operable from https//www.fujixerox.com/eng/company/sr/2015/guidelines.htmlsec10 Accessed on 07/10/16GRI. (2016) G4 Sustainability reportage Guidelines. Online GRI. operational from https//www.globalreporting.org /standards/g4/Pages/default.aspx Accessed on 07/10/16GRI. (2016) Materiality. Online GRI. accessible from https//g4.globalreporting.org/how-you-should-report/reporting-principles/principles-for-defining-report-content/ corporeality/Pages/default.aspx Accessed on 07/10/16 salter Baxter. (2012) The quintette things you real need to lie with about GRI G4. Online Salter Baxter. open from https//www.salterbaxter.com/the-five-things-you-really-need-to-know-about-gri-g4/ Accessed on 07/10/16Wesfarmers. (2014) 2014 Sustainability key out. Online Wesfarmers. usable from https//www.wesresources.com.au/sustainability_report_2014/ Accessed on 07/10/16Wesfarmers. (2014) Sustainability Report 2014. Online Wesfarmers. open from https//2014.sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/ Accessed on 07/10/16Wesfarmers. (2015) 2015 yearly Report. Online Wesfarmers. in stock(predicate) from https//www.asx.com.au/asxpdf/20150917/pdf/431d8fyj0rz8zy.pdf Accessed on 07/10/16Wesfarmers. (2015) 2015 Sustainabil ity Report. Online Wesfarmers. operable from https//www.wesresources.com.au/sustainability_report_2015/ Accessed on 07/10/16Wesfarmers. (2015) GRI G4 surfeit Index. Online Wesfarmers. on hand(predicate) from https//www.sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/our-data/gri-g4-content-index/ Accessed on 07/10/16Wesfarmers. (2015) Sustainability at Wesfarmers. Online Wesfarmers. gettable from https//sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/our-approach/sustainability-at-wesfarmers/ Accessed on 07/10/16Wesfarmers. (2015) Sustainability Report 2015. Online Wesfarmers. obtainable from https//2015.sustainability.wesfarmers.com.au/ Accessed on 07/10/16